Proving Fear: the corporeal witness and its role in asylum seeking

Authors

  • Arturo Esquivel Bishop's University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54337/ojs.jos.v11i1.10012

Abstract

This essay examines the cases of two Central American asylum seekers at the US-Mexico border. It argues that their bodies, marked by scars, mutilations, or other forms of trauma, emerge as credible witnesses in support of asylum seekers’ claims. Through their scars, fear becomes visible, quantifiable and relatable. It further argues that despite the “objective” quality of the credible fear test, the credibility of asylum claimants’ stories hinges on the acknowledgement or disavowal of their fear, suggesting the impossibility of establishing fear as an “objective fact”, speaking instead to a lack of responsiveness and responsibility towards others.

References

Al-Mohammad, H., 2010. Towards an Ethics of Being-With: Intertwinements of Life in Post-

Invasion Basra. Ethnos, 75(4), 425-446. https://doi.org/10.1080/00141844.2010.544394

Beardsworth, R., 1996. Derrida and the Political. London and New York: Routledge.

Benjamin, W. 2019. Illuminations: Essays and Reflections. Edited by Hannah Arendt. New York: Mariner Books Classics.

Cavell, S., 1979. The Claim of Reason: Wittgenstein, Skepticism, Morality, and Tragedy. New York: Oxford University Press.

Das, V., 2020. Textures of the Ordinary: Doing Anthropology After Wittgenstein. New York: Fordham University Press.

Derrida, J., 2018. Before the Law: The Complete Text of Préjugés. Translated by Van Reenen, S. and De Ville J. Minneapolis and London: University of Minnesota Press.

Diamond, C., 2003. The Difficulty of Reality and the Difficulty of Philosophy. Partial Answers: Journal of Literature and the History of Ideas, 1(2), 1-26. https://doi.org/10.1353/pan.0.0090

Doctors Without Border (Médecins sans Frontières), 2020. No Way Out: The Humanitarian Crisis for Migrants and Asylum Seekers Trapped between the United States, Mexico, and the Northen Triangle of Central America. Available at: https://www.msf.org/report-no-way-out-central-american-migration.

Farmer, P., 2004. An Anthropology of Structural Violence. Current Anthropology, 45(3), 305-325. https://doi.org/10.1086/382250

Fassin, D., 2008. The Humanitarian Politics of Testimony: Subjectification through Trauma in the Israeli and Palestinian Conflict. Cultural Anthropology, 23(3), 531-558. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-1360.2008.00017.x

Fassin, D., 2011. The Trace: Violence, Truth, and the Politics of the Body. Social Research: An International Quarterly, 78(2), 281-298. https://doi.org/10.1353/sor.2011.0018

Fassin, D., 2013. Enforcing Order: An Ethnography of Urban Policing. Cambridge and Malden, MA: Polity Press.

Fassin, D. and D’Halluin, E., 2005. The Truth from the Body: Medical Certificates as Ultimate Evidence for Asylum Seekers. American Anthropologist, 107(4), 597-608.

https://doi.org/10.1525/aa.2005.107.4.597

Foucault, M., 1988. An Aesthetics of Existence. In: Kritzman, L.D. (ed.) Michel Foucault: Politics, Philosophy, Culture. Interviews and other writings 1977-1984 (pp. 47-56). Routledge.

Kafka, F., 2009. The Trial. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Kim, G., 2021. Abandoning and Subjective and Objective Components of a Well-Founded Fear of Persecution. Northwestern Journal of Law and Social Policy, 16(2), 192-213.

Moi, T., 2017. Revolution of the Ordinary: Literary Studies after Wittgenstein, Austin, and Cavell. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press.

Monk, R., 1991. Ludwig Wittgenstein: The Duty of Genius. London: Vintage Books.

Oxford, C., 2023. The Gory Details: Asylum, Sexual Assault, and Traumatic Memory. Sexes, 4,

186-221. https://doi.org/10.3390/sexes4020015

Peters, M., 2000. Writing the Self: Wittgenstein, Confession and Pedagogy. Journal of Philosophy of Education, 34(2), 353-368. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9752.00178

Shusterman, R., 2006. Thinking Through the Body, Educating for Humanities: A Plea for Somaesthetics. Journal of Aesthetic Education, 40(1), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.2307/4140215

Shusterman, R., 2012. Photography as Performative Process. The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism, 70(1), 67-77. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6245.2011.01499.x

Tagg, J., 1998. The Burden of Representation: Essays on Photography and Representation. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), 2010. Convention and Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees. Available at: https://www.unhcr.org/media/1951-refugee-convention-and-1967-protocol-relating-status-refugees.

Unger, M.P., 2022. Sovereign Images and Contested Jurisdictions: Legal Personhood in British Columbia Colonial Law and through the Writ of Habeas Corpus. Studies in Law, Politics, and Society, 87B, 73-86. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1059-43372022000087B005

Wittgenstein, L., 1958. Philosophical Investigations. Translated by G.E.M. Anscombe. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.

Downloads

Published

12-10-2025