从国际法视角看巴勒斯坦的国家身份 / A Review of The Statehood of Palestine from The Perspective of International Law

Abstract

巴勒斯坦人民的自决权得到包括国际法院的咨询意见在内的国际法支持。落实“两国方案”、建立一个独立自主的巴勒斯坦国，是巴勒斯坦人民行使外部自决权的现实选择；争取加入联合国、国际刑事法院等国际组织或机构，进而追究以色列对巴勒斯坦人民犯下的战争罪责任，是巴勒斯坦人民多年追求实现的梦想。国际刑事法院检察官的意见表明，巴勒斯坦人民虽长期遭受以色列的暴行，却无法追究以色列的国家责任、实现其权利救济，其原因在很大程度上是由于巴勒斯坦国家身份的缺失!近年来，巴勒斯坦成功地加入联合国教科文组织、成为联合国的非会员观察员国；巴勒斯坦批准多项国际条约、加入国际刑事法院并向国际刑事法院起诉以色列，是其追求国家身份的历史征程上的重大进展。

According to the United Nations’ partition plan of Israel-Palestine, Palestinians enjoy autonomy. But with Israel’s invasion by force, thousands of Palestinian people have been displaced and made homeless. In its Advisory Opinion, “the legitimacy of the building of an isolation wall in the occupied Palestinian territories”, the ICJ confirmed that the Palestinians enjoy the people’s right to self-determination. Also, a tit-for-tat legal struggle was launched in the UNSC and the GA, the UNESCO, the ICC and other agencies concerning the issue of Palestinian’s national identity. In September 2011, Palestine applied to become a formal member state in the UN, and failed to get the Security Council’s support due to the US and Israel’s blockade. Shortly thereafter, Palestine was allowed to join the UNESCO. On November 29, 2012, Palestine upgraded its status to “Non-Member Observer” through the GA’s votes. The focus of Palestine’s national identity is on whether Palestine obtains the desired qualification of the United Nations Member States.