The DKup24 uplift model for Denmark
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54337/ojs.perspektiv.v24i49.10878Abstract
A regional land uplift model for Denmark has been derived from geodetic data from the past century. The model reflects deformations in the national height systems and may be used to dynamically extend the quality of DVR90 into the future. Also, the uplift model may play an important role in assessing impacts of climate scenarios when planning future facilities such as coastal protection.
The model is determined using an empirical approach and data from the three national precision levelling campaigns, tide gauges, and permanent GNSS reference stations. The NKG2016GIA model by Steffen et al. (2016) is used as reference mode. Changes in coastal mean sea level are not included in the model. The DKup24 uplift model forms a so-called long-term release in the modelling of the land uplift rates in Denmark where the classical data are used. Since the release of the previous model in 2016, the data has been reassessed to form a consistent data set.
References
De Geer, G., (1888). Om Skandinaviens nivåförändringar under Quartärperioden. Geol. Fören. Stockholm Förh., 10: 366-379.
Ekman, M (2009). The changing level of the Baltic Sea during 300 years: A clue to understanding the Earth. Summer Institute for Historical Geophysics, ISBN: 978-952-92-5241-1
Holgate, S.J., Matthews, A., Woodworth, P.L., Rickards, L.J., Tamisiea, M.E., Bradshaw, E., Foden, P.R, Gordon, K.M., Jevrejeva, S., and Pugh, J. (2013). New Data Systems and Products at the Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level. Journal of Coastal Research, Volume 29, Issue 3, pp. 493 – 504. https://doi.org/10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-12-00175.1
Häkli P, Evers K, Jivall L et al (2023). NKG2020 transformation: An updated transformation between dynamic and static reference frames in the Nordic and Baltic countries. Journal of Geodetic Science, Volume 13, Issue 1. https://doi.org/10.1515/jogs-2022-0155
Jackson, S. P., Svennevig, K., & Kjeldsen, K. K. (2024). A new digital database of Ellen Louise Mertz’s 1924 ‘Overview of late- and postglacial elevation changes in Denmark’. GEUS Bulletin, 57. https://doi.org/10.34194/geusb.v57.8339
Khan, S. A. (2017). GNSS timeseries for permanent GNSS stations in Denmark. Technical report, DTU Space.
Khan, S., L. Liu, J. Wahr, I. Howat, I. Joughin, T. van Dam, and K. Fleming, (2010). GPS measurements of crustal uplift near Jakobshavn Isbræ due to glacial ice mass loss, Journal of Geophysical Research, Volume 115, Issue B9. https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JB007490
Knudsen, P., Engsager, K., and Khan, S.A. (2024). The DKup24 uplift model for Denmark. Technical University of Denmark. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.11583/DTU.27277848.v1
Lambeck, L., Smither, C., Johnston, P. (1998). Sea-level change, glacial rebound and mantle viscosity for northern Europe. Geophysical Journal International, Volume 134, Issue 1, July 1998, pp. 102–144. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246x.1998.00541.x
Landerer, F. W., Flechtner, F. M., Save, H., Webb, F. H., Bandikova, T., Bertiger, W. I., et al. (2020). Extending the global mass change data record: GRACE Follow‐On instrument and science data performance. Geophysical Research Letters, Volume 47, Issue 12, e2020GL088306. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL088306
Mertz, E.L. (1924). Oversigt over de sen- og postglaciale niveauforandringer i Danmark. Danmarks Geologiske Undersøgelse II, Volume 41, pp. 49. https://doi.org/10.34194/raekke2.v41.6827
Mäkinen, J., Lilje, M., Ågren, J., Engsager, K., Eriksson, P.O., Jepsen, C., Olsson, P.-A., Saaranen, V., Schmidt, K., Svensson, R., Takalo, Vestøl, O. (2005). Regional Adjustment of Precise Levellings around the Baltic. Symposium of the IAG Subcommission for Europe (EUREF), Vienna, Austria, June 1–4, 171-183.
Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level (PSMSL) (2017). Tide Gauge Data, Retrieved 03 Feb 2017 from http://www.psmsl.org/data/obtaining/
Schmidt, K. (2000). The Danish Height System DVR90. Publications (Kort- og matrikelstyrelsen (Denmark)), 4. series, Volume 8., ISSN 0905-1279.
Steffen H, Barletta V, Kollo K, Milne GA, Nordman M, Olsson PA, Simpson MJR, Tarasov L, Ågren J (2016). NKG201xGIA: first results for a new model of glacial isostatic adjustment in Fennoscandia. EGU General Assembly, Vienna, Austria.
Steffen, H., & Kaufmann, G. (2005). Glacial isostatic adjustment of Scandinavia and northwestern Europe and the radial viscosity structure of the Earth's mantle. Geophysical Journal International, Volume 163, Issue 2, pp. 801–812. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2005.02740.x
Tapley, B. D., Watkins, M. M., Flechtner, F., Reigber, C., Bettadpur, S., Rodell, M., Sasgen, I., Famiglietti, J. S., Landerer, F. W., Chambers, D. P., Reager, J. T., Gardner, A. S., Save, H., Ivins, E. R., Swenson, S. C., Boening, C., Dahle, C., Wiese, D. N., Dobslaw, H., Tamisiea, M. E., & Velicogna, I. (2019). Contributions of GRACE to understanding climate change. Nature Climate Change, Volume 9, Issue 2, pp. 358–369. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-019-0456-2
Trap Danmarks redaktion (2025); Mikkelsen, Jørgen; Christensen, Erik Sigmund; Pedersen, Hans Munk: 1920-1970 i Frederikshavn Kommune i Trap Danmark på lex.dk. Hentet 19. november 2025 fra https://trap.lex.dk/1920-1970_i_Frederikshavn_Kommune
Vestøl, O. (2006). Determination of Postglacial Land Uplift in Fennoscandia from Leveling, Tide-gauges and Continuous GPS Stations using Least Squares Collocation. Journal of Geodesy, Volume 80, pp. 248-258. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-006-0063-7
Vestøl, O., Ågren, J., Steffen, H., Kierulf, H.P., Tarasov, L. (2019). NKG2016LU – a new land uplift model for Fennoscandia and the Baltic Region. Journal of Geodesy, Volume 93, pp. 1759–1779. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-019-01280-8
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Per Knudsen, Karsten Engsager, Shfaqat Abbas Khan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Authors publishing on Geoforum Perspektiv retain full but non-exclusive rights in their articles, and are required to use the Creative Commons license CC by-nc 4.0 when submitting their work.
